'API' redirects here. For other uses, see.An application programming interface ( API) is an or between a intended to simplify the building of client-side software. It has been described as a “contract” between the client and the server, such that if the client makes a request in a specific format, it will always get a response in a specific format or initiate a defined action.An API may be for a web-based system, computer hardware, or.An API specification can take many forms, but often includes specifications for, or., and are examples of different forms of APIs. Documentation for the API usually is provided to facilitate usage and implementation. Contents.Purpose In building applications, an API simplifies programming by the underlying implementation and only exposing objects or actions the developer needs. While a graphical interface for an might provide a user with a button that performs all the steps for fetching and highlighting new emails, an API for file might give the developer a that copies a file from one location to another without requiring that the developer understand the operations occurring behind the scenes. History The term API seems to appear for the first time in the article of Ira W.
Cotton, Data structures and techniques for remote computer graphics, published in 1968.Uses Libraries and frameworks An API usually is related to a. The API describes and prescribes the 'expected behavior' (a specification) while the library is an 'actual implementation' of this set of rules.A single API can have multiple implementations (or none, being abstract) in the form of different libraries that share the same programming interface.The separation of the API from its implementation can allow programs written in one language to use a library written in another.
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For example, because and compile to compatible, Scala developers can take advantage of any Java API.API use can vary depending on the type of programming language involved.An API for a such as could consist primarily of basic routines to execute code, manipulate data or handle errors while an API for an, such as Java, would provide a specification of classes and its.are also APIs. By mapping the features and capabilities of one language to an interface implemented in another language, a language binding allows a library or service written in one language to be used when developing in another language. Tools such as and F2PY, a -to- interface generator, facilitate the creation of such interfaces.An API can also be related to a: a framework can be based on several libraries implementing several APIs, but unlike the normal use of an API, the access to the behavior built into the framework is mediated by extending its content with new classes plugged into the framework itself.Moreover, the overall program flow of control can be out of the control of the caller and in the hands of the framework by or a similar mechanism. Main article:Web API's are the defined interfaces through which interactions happen between an enterprise and applications that use its assets, which also is a (SLA) to specify the functional provider and expose the service path or URL for its API users. An API approach is an architectural approach that revolves around providing a program interface to a set of services to different applications serving different types of consumers.When used in the context of, an API is typically defined as a set of specifications, such as (HTTP) request messages, along with a definition of the structure of response messages, usually in an Extensible Markup Language or JavaScript Object Notation format. An example might be a shipping company API that can be added to an eCommerce-focused website to facilitate ordering shipping services and automatically include current shipping rates, without the site developer having to enter the shipper's rate table into a web database.
While 'web API' historically virtually has been synonymous for, the recent trend (so-called ) has been moving away from Simple Object Access Protocol based web services and (SOA) towards more direct (REST) style and (ROA). Part of this trend is related to the movement toward (RDF), a concept to promote web-based technologies. Web APIs allow the combination of multiple APIs into new applications known as.In the social media space, web APIs have allowed web communities to facilitate sharing content and data between communities and applications. In this way, content that is created in one place dynamically can be posted and updated to multiple locations on the web.
For example, Twitter's REST API allows developers to access core Twitter data and the Search API provides methods for developers to interact with Twitter Search and trends data. Design The design of an API has significant impact on its usage. The principle of describes the role of programming interfaces as enabling by hiding the implementation details of the modules so that users of modules need not understand the complexities inside the modules. Thus, the design of an API attempts to provide only the tools a user would expect. The design of programming interfaces represents an important part of, the organization of a complex piece of software.Several authors have created recommendations for how to design APIs, such as, Kin Lane, and Michi Henning.Patterns for the design and evolution of remote APIs are covered in a series of EuroPLoP papers. Release policies APIs are one of the more common ways technology companies integrate with each other.
Those that provide and use APIs are considered as being members of a business ecosystem.The main policies for releasing an API are:. Private: The API is for internal company use only. Partner: Only specific business partners can use the API. For example, such as and allow approved third-party developers to directly order rides from within their apps. This allows the companies to exercise quality control by curating which apps have access to the API, and provides them with an additional revenue stream.
Public: The API is available for use by the public. For example, Microsoft makes the API public, and releases its APIs and, so that software can be written for their.Public API implications An important factor when an API becomes public is its 'interface stability'. Changes by a developer to a part of it—for example adding new parameters to a function call—could break compatibility with the clients that depend on that API.When parts of a publicly presented API are subject to change and thus not stable, such parts of a particular API should be documented explicitly as 'unstable'. For example, in the library, the parts that are considered unstable, and that might change in the near future, are marked with the @Beta.A public API can sometimes declare parts of itself as deprecated or rescinded. This usually means that part of the API should be considered a candidate for being removed, or modified in a backward incompatible way. Therefore, these changes allows developers to transition away from parts of the API that will be removed or not supported in the future.Client code may contain innovative or opportunistic usages that were not intended by the API designers. In other words, for a library with a significant user base, when an element becomes part of the public API, it may be used in diverse ways.
Main article:In 2010, Oracle Corporation sued Google for having distributed a new implementation of Java embedded in the Android operating system. Google had not acquired any permission to reproduce the Java API, although permission had been given to the similar OpenJDK project. Judge William Alsup ruled in the Oracle v.
Braunstein, Mark L. (26 July 2018). Non-technical readers may not understand what an API is. In non-technical terms it can be understood as a 'contract' that says to software developers that if you send a request from a 'client' computer (e.g., a phone, tablet, notebook or desktop) to a 'server' (the computer where the information is stored) in the specified format you will always get a response in a specified format or initiate a defined action.
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Decker, Susan (March 27, 2018). Retrieved March 27, 2018. Lee, Timothy (January 25, 2019). Retrieved February 8, 2019.Further reading. Taina Bucher (2013).
Computational Culture (3). Argues that 'APIs are far from neutral tools' and form a key part of contemporary programming, understood as a fundamental part of culture.